Hemolytic uremic syndrome post-diarrheal in North Carolina

• Severe, often bloody, diarrhea preceding HUS symptoms
• Pallor (pale skin) due to anemia
• Fatigue and weakness
• Decreased urination or absence of urine production
• Swelling (edema), especially in the face, hands, or feet
• Bruising or tiny red/purple spots (petechiae) on the skin
• Jaundice (yellowing of skin/eyes)
• Irritability, confusion, or seizures in severe cases

Hemolytic uremic syndrome post-diarrheal results from infection with STEC, which is transmitted primarily through the fecal-oral route. This commonly occurs by consuming contaminated food, such as undercooked ground beef, unpasteurized dairy products, or contaminated produce. Exposure to contaminated water (e.g., swimming in affected recreational water or drinking untreated well water) and person-to-person spread, particularly in settings like childcare centers, are also significant routes. Contact with infected animals or their feces can also lead to transmission.

• Thorough handwashing with soap and water after using the toilet, changing diapers, before eating or preparing food, and after contact with animals.
• Cook all ground beef thoroughly to 160°F (71°C) internal temperature; avoid raw or undercooked meats.
• Avoid unpasteurized milk, juice, and cider.
• Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly, especially if eaten raw.
• Prevent cross-contamination in the kitchen by using separate cutting boards and utensils for raw meat.
• Avoid swallowing water in lakes, ponds, or untreated swimming pools.
• No specific vaccine for HUS, but preventing STEC infection is key.