Rubella, congenital syndrome

• Sensorineural deafness
• Cataracts, glaucoma, or other eye defects
• Congenital heart defects (e.g., patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary artery stenosis)
• Microcephaly (small head size)
• Developmental delay and intellectual disabilities
• Growth retardation
• Hepatomegaly (enlarged liver) or splenomegaly (enlarged spleen)

The rubella virus, which causes CRS, spreads from person to person via airborne droplets from the respiratory secretions of an infected individual (e.g., through coughing or sneezing). When a pregnant woman contracts rubella, the virus can then cross the placenta and infect her unborn baby, leading to Congenital Rubella Syndrome.

• MMR vaccine: Ensure all children, adolescents, and women of childbearing age are vaccinated against rubella (part of the Measles, Mumps, Rubella vaccine).
• Pre-pregnancy vaccination: Women planning pregnancy should confirm rubella immunity and be vaccinated at least one month before conception if non-immune.
• Avoid exposure: Pregnant women should avoid contact with individuals infected with rubella.