Flea-Borne Typhus, also known as Endemic or Murine Typhus, is a bacterial infection caused by *Rickettsia typhi*. It's primarily spread to humans through infected flea bites, often from fleas on rodents like rats. It occurs globally in areas with poor sanitation and rodent populations, especially in tropical and subtropical regions.
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Flea-Borne Typhus was historically often confused with Epidemic Typhus due to similar symptoms. Its distinct identity, linked to rodents and fleas, was recognized in the early 20th century, with the causative agent *Rickettsia typhi* identified in 1928. Its understanding helped differentiate various rickettsial diseases and their specific transmission cycles.
The disease is primarily transmitted when infected rat fleas (*Xenopsylla cheopis*) bite humans. Fleas become infected by feeding on rodents (like rats, opossums, or cats) that carry the *Rickettsia typhi* bacteria. Transmission usually occurs when flea feces, containing the bacteria, are scratched into the bite wound or other breaks in the skin, or by inhaling aerosolized flea feces.
Contagious Period: Varies by disease
Local health department information and state-specific prevention guidance
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Whether you live in Utah or are traveling there, knowing the symptoms, timeline, and when to seek care helps you act quickly if exposure occurs.
Seek care if you experience severe dehydration, bloody stools, high fever, or symptoms lasting more than 3 days. Children under 5, adults over 65, and immunocompromised individuals should seek care earlier.
Emergency symptoms: Severe dehydration, inability to keep fluids down for 12 or more hours, or neurological symptoms require emergency care.
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Trusted information from leading health organizations
Official guidance from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
View CDC Resources →Global disease surveillance and guidelines from the World Health Organization
View WHO Resources →Disease information on Virus Watcher is reviewed by our Chief Epidemiologist, a former CDC lead analyst for FluSight forecasting. Outbreak data is aggregated from verified sources including BEACON, ProMED, WHO, CDC, and 50+ national health agencies. This information is for educational purposes and should not replace professional medical advice.
Last reviewed: 2026-08-27
No confirmed cases reported in Utah yet. Here are the latest Typhus, Flea-Borne (Endemic, Murine)-D reports from our global surveillance network.
California health officials are warning residents to take preventive measures following a record surge of flea‑borne typhus cases in Los Angeles County, where 220 infections were reported in 2025 -- the highest number ever recorded locally, according to SF Gate -- with around 90 …
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You'd think that with all our modern medicine, sanitation, pest control, and fancy hospitals, typhus would be something folks only read about in history books. But nope, it's showing up again in states like Texas and California in ways that have public health folks raising red fl…
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