Acute Diarrheal Disease (ADD) is a sudden episode of frequent, loose, or watery stools, lasting typically less than 14 days. It is primarily caused by infections from viruses (e.g., Rotavirus, Norovirus), bacteria (e.g., E. coli, Salmonella), or parasites (e.g., Giardia). ADD is a leading cause of illness and death, especially among young children in low-income countries, but affects people of all ages worldwide.
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Diarrheal diseases have historically been a major cause of death, with large epidemics like cholera outbreaks shaping public health interventions. The development of Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) in the 1960s and 70s was a monumental breakthrough, drastically reducing mortality from diarrhea globally. This simple, affordable solution transformed how diarrheal diseases are managed, particularly in developing nations.
Acute Diarrheal Disease primarily spreads through the fecal-oral route. This occurs when contaminated feces from an infected person or animal are ingested, often indirectly. Common routes include consuming contaminated food or water, touching contaminated surfaces and then one's mouth, or direct person-to-person contact due to poor hand hygiene.
Contagious Period: Varies by disease
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Trusted information from leading health organizations
Official guidance from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
View CDC Resources →Global disease surveillance and guidelines from the World Health Organization
View WHO Resources →Disease information on Virus Watcher is reviewed by our Chief Epidemiologist, a former CDC lead analyst for FluSight forecasting. Outbreak data is aggregated from verified sources including BEACON, ProMED, WHO, CDC, and 50+ national health agencies. This information is for educational purposes and should not replace professional medical advice.
Last reviewed: 2026-07-18
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