Echinococcosis is a **parasitic infection** caused by tapeworms of the genus *Echinococcus*, primarily *E. granulosus* (cystic echinococcosis) or *E. multilocularis* (alveolar echinococcosis). It is characterized by the formation of cysts, often in the liver and lungs, and is most prevalent in rural, pastoral regions where dogs and livestock interact.
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Echinococcosis has been recognized since ancient times, with descriptions of 'water bladders' in human organs dating back centuries. The tapeworm *Echinococcus granulosus* was formally identified in the 18th and 19th centuries, leading to a better understanding of its complex life cycle involving dogs and livestock. This historical knowledge was crucial for developing public health strategies to control the disease.
Humans become infected with echinococcosis by accidentally ingesting microscopic *Echinococcus* eggs. These eggs are shed in the feces of infected definitive hosts, such as dogs, wolves, or foxes. Transmission occurs through direct contact with infected animals, or by consuming contaminated food, water, or soil containing the eggs.
Contagious Period: Varies by disease
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Seek care if you experience severe dehydration, bloody stools, high fever, or symptoms lasting more than 3 days. Children under 5, adults over 65, and immunocompromised individuals should seek care earlier.
Emergency symptoms: Severe dehydration, inability to keep fluids down for 12 or more hours, or neurological symptoms require emergency care.
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Global disease surveillance and guidelines from the World Health Organization
View WHO Resources →Disease information on Virus Watcher is reviewed by our Chief Epidemiologist, a former CDC lead analyst for FluSight forecasting. Outbreak data is aggregated from verified sources including BEACON, ProMED, WHO, CDC, and 50+ national health agencies. This information is for educational purposes and should not replace professional medical advice.
Last reviewed: 2026-07-18
No confirmed cases reported in Kentucky yet. Here are the latest Echinococcosis reports from our global surveillance network.
We are providing an unedited version of this manuscript to give early access to its findings. Before final publication, the manuscript will undergo further editing. Please note there may be errors present which affect the content, and all legal disclaimers apply. Alveolar echinoc…
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