Anaplasmosis

Anaplasmosis is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum. It is primarily transmitted to humans through tick bites and commonly affects people in the upper Midwest and northeastern United States, as well as parts of Europe and Asia. It can cause a range of flu-like symptoms.

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What is Anaplasmosis?

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) was first recognized as a distinct human disease in the United States in 1990 in Wisconsin and Minnesota. It was initially identified as human granulocytic ehrlichiosis before the causative agent was reclassified. Its discovery highlighted the expanding spectrum of tick-borne diseases affecting humans.

Symptoms

  • Fever (often high, with chills)
  • Headache
  • Muscle aches (myalgia)
  • Fatigue and malaise
  • Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or loss of appetite
  • Joint pain
  • Less common: Cough, abdominal pain, rash (rarely)

Transmission

Anaplasmosis is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the **blacklegged tick** (*Ixodes scapularis*) is the main vector in the Northeast and Midwest, and the **western blacklegged tick** (*Ixodes pacificus*) on the Pacific coast. Ticks acquire the bacteria by feeding on infected animals such as white-footed mice and other small mammals, then transmit it during subsequent blood meals.

Contagious Period: Varies by disease

Prevention

  • Avoid tick-infested areas, especially during peak tick season.
  • Wear protective clothing (long sleeves, long pants tucked into socks) when outdoors.
  • Use EPA-approved insect repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or permethrin.
  • Perform daily tick checks on yourself, children, and pets after outdoor activities.
  • Shower within two hours of coming indoors to wash off potential ticks.
  • Remove attached ticks promptly and correctly using fine-tipped tweezers.

Active Outbreaks & Recent Cases

Real-time intelligence from global health monitoring and AI-powered surveillance

Data sources: BEACON, ProMED, WHO, CDC, and 50+ national health agencies

No Active Outbreaks Detected

Our AI-powered surveillance hasn't detected significant Anaplasmosis activity in the past 30 days.

Real-time monitoring continues 24/7 across BEACON, ProMED, WHO, CDC, and 50+ global health agencies

What This Means

Currently, Anaplasmosis case counts are within baseline expectations globally. However, diseases can emerge rapidly, which is why continuous monitoring is critical.

Stay Prepared

Download the Virus Watcher app to get instant alerts if Anaplasmosis activity increases in your region or travel destinations.

Prevention Remains Important

Even without active outbreaks, understanding Anaplasmosis prevention helps protect you and your community:

  • Avoid tick-infested areas, especially during peak tick season.
  • Wear protective clothing (long sleeves, long pants tucked into socks) when outdoors.
  • Use EPA-approved insect repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or permethrin.
  • Perform daily tick checks on yourself, children, and pets after outdoor activities.
  • Shower within two hours of coming indoors to wash off potential ticks.
  • Remove attached ticks promptly and correctly using fine-tipped tweezers.
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Expert Resources & References

Trusted information from leading health organizations

CDC

Official guidance from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

View CDC Resources →

WHO

Global disease surveillance and guidelines from the World Health Organization

View WHO Resources →

Research

Latest peer-reviewed research and clinical studies

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Medically Reviewed Content

Disease information on Virus Watcher is reviewed by our Chief Epidemiologist, a former CDC lead analyst for FluSight forecasting. Outbreak data is aggregated from verified sources including BEACON, ProMED, WHO, CDC, and 50+ national health agencies. This information is for educational purposes and should not replace professional medical advice.

Last reviewed: 2026-06-03

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