Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection in Minnesota

• Severe abdominal cramps
• Sudden onset of watery diarrhea, often progressing to bloody diarrhea (hemorrhagic colitis)
• Nausea and vomiting
• Mild fever or no fever
• In severe cases, symptoms of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) may develop after 5-10 days, including: decreased urination, pale skin, unexplained bruising, fatigue, and confusion.

EHEC infection primarily spreads through the fecal-oral route. The main routes include consuming contaminated food, especially undercooked ground beef, raw milk, or contaminated produce (e.g., leafy greens). It can also be transmitted via contaminated water, such as untreated recreational water. Direct contact with infected animals (e.g., at farms) or person-to-person spread, particularly in settings with poor hygiene, are also important routes of transmission.

• Thoroughly cook all ground meat, ensuring no pink remains and juices run clear.
• Avoid raw milk, unpasteurized juices, and untreated water.
• Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after using the toilet, changing diapers, before eating, and after contact with animals or their environments.
• Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly, especially if eaten raw.
• Prevent cross-contamination in the kitchen by using separate cutting boards and utensils for raw meat and other foods.
• Avoid swimming in or swallowing water from contaminated lakes, ponds, or pools.
• No vaccine is currently available for EHEC infection.