Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

• Bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain (often preceding HUS)
• Pale skin (pallor) and fatigue due to anemia
• Easy bruising, petechiae (small red/purple spots), or unusual bleeding
• Decreased urination and swelling (edema) in the face, hands, or feet
• Irritability, confusion, or seizures (in more severe cases)

HUS itself is not directly transmissible, but the underlying STEC infection that often triggers it is primarily spread through the fecal-oral route. This includes consuming contaminated food (e.g., undercooked ground beef, unpasteurized dairy/juices, contaminated produce), contaminated water, or direct contact with infected animals. Person-to-person transmission is also possible, especially in childcare settings and households, if hygiene practices are insufficient.

• Thorough handwashing, especially after using the restroom, changing diapers, or handling raw meat.
• Cooking ground beef to an internal temperature of at least 160°F (71°C) and avoiding undercooked meat.
• Avoiding unpasteurized milk, juices, and cider.
• Washing fruits and vegetables thoroughly before eating, especially if consumed raw.
• Preventing cross-contamination between raw and cooked foods in the kitchen.
• Avoiding swallowing water in lakes, pools, or untreated recreational water sources.