Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a serious viral infection of the brain caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). It primarily affects children and is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in many parts of Asia. The virus is transmitted to humans through mosquito bites.
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Japanese encephalitis was first recognized as a distinct clinical entity in Japan in the 1870s, and the causative virus was isolated in 1935. It became a major public health concern across Asia due to recurrent large-scale outbreaks. The development and widespread use of effective vaccines in the mid-20th century significantly reduced its burden in many endemic regions.
Japanese encephalitis is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected *Culex* mosquitoes, primarily *Culex tritaeniorhynchus*. These mosquitoes acquire the virus by feeding on infected birds (such as herons and egrets) and pigs, which act as amplifying hosts. Humans are dead-end hosts, meaning they do not transmit the virus to mosquitoes or other humans.
Contagious Period: Varies by disease
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The first case of Japanese encephalitis this year has been reported, prompting authorities to urge the public to follow safety guidelines. This emphasizes the need for immediate preventive measures against this serious mosquito-borne disease.
Assam accounts for almost 62% of 985 JE deaths in India since 2018; ahead of peak JE season, the government is strengthening surveillance, case management, hospital preparedness, vaccination coverage
Seven people have died of Japanese encephalitis in Assam since the beginning of the year, while 32 others have died of acute encephalitis syndrome, as of June 17, the State unit of the National Health Mission (NHM) said in a statement on Thursday (June 18, 2026).
Almost 62% of all Japanese encephal
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This event envelope contains reports on Japanese encephalitis in Taiwan.
Source: BEACON - View Full Report
Japanese encephalitis (JE) remains a significant public health concern in India, with seasonal outbreaks primarily occurring during the monsoon season in endemic states, including Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, West Bengal, and parts of the Northeast.
Source: BEACON - View Full Report
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Official guidance from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
View CDC Resources →Global disease surveillance and guidelines from the World Health Organization
View WHO Resources →Disease information on Virus Watcher is reviewed by our Chief Epidemiologist, a former CDC lead analyst for FluSight forecasting. Outbreak data is aggregated from verified sources including BEACON, ProMED, WHO, CDC, and 50+ national health agencies. This information is for educational purposes and should not replace professional medical advice.
Last reviewed: 2026-07-18
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