Melioidosis is a serious bacterial infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, found in contaminated soil and water. It primarily affects people and animals in tropical and subtropical regions, notably Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. The disease can manifest in various forms, from localized skin infections to severe pneumonia, blood poisoning, or chronic abscesses.
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Melioidosis was first identified in 1912 by Alfred Whitmore and C.S. Krishnaswami in Rangoon, Burma (now Yangon, Myanmar). It gained historical significance during the Vietnam War, where it was nicknamed the 'Vietnamese time bomb' due to its ability to remain dormant for years before causing illness. Recognition of its widespread endemicity and diverse clinical manifestations has grown substantially over time.
Melioidosis is primarily transmitted through direct contact with contaminated soil and water, typically via inoculation through skin cuts or abrasions. Inhalation of contaminated dust or water droplets, and ingestion of contaminated water, are also possible routes of infection. Person-to-person transmission is extremely rare.
Contagious Period: Varies by disease
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A study originating from Mali is raising an urgent alarm regarding the widespread presence of melioidosis, a severe bacterial infection, across Africa. This discovery indicates a significant and potentially underdiagnosed public health threat that requires immediate attention and action from health authorities.
The detection of Burkholderia thailandensis in soil samples in Suriname signals a new environmental reservoir for a pathogen that can cause severe melioidosis-like illness. This requires immediate public health investigation and awareness efforts in the region.
This event envelope contains reports on melioidosis in Thailand.
Source: BEACON - View Full Report
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View WHO Resources →Disease information on Virus Watcher is reviewed by our Chief Epidemiologist, a former CDC lead analyst for FluSight forecasting. Outbreak data is aggregated from verified sources including BEACON, ProMED, WHO, CDC, and 50+ national health agencies. This information is for educational purposes and should not replace professional medical advice.
Last reviewed: 2026-06-03
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