Tsutsugamushi disease, also known as scrub typhus, is an acute febrile illness caused by the bacterium *Orientia tsutsugamushi*. It is transmitted by the bite of infected larval mites (chiggers) and is most common in the Asia-Pacific region, affecting people exposed to mite-infested scrub or rural areas.
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The disease was first clinically described in Japan in 1899 by Dr. Michitaro Nagayo, though earlier accounts existed. It gained significant attention during World War II, causing widespread illness among Allied troops in the Pacific theater, leading to intensive research efforts. Today, it remains a major public health concern in many endemic countries.
Tsutsugamushi disease is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected larval mites (chiggers) of the Trombiculid family. These mites acquire the bacteria by feeding on rodents (such as rats) that harbor the infection, and they can also transmit it generationally. The infection is not transmitted directly from person to person.
Contagious Period: Varies by disease
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Seek care if you experience severe dehydration, bloody stools, high fever, or symptoms lasting more than 3 days. Children under 5, adults over 65, and immunocompromised individuals should seek care earlier.
Emergency symptoms: Severe dehydration, inability to keep fluids down for 12 or more hours, or neurological symptoms require emergency care.
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Global disease surveillance and guidelines from the World Health Organization
View WHO Resources →Disease information on Virus Watcher is reviewed by our Chief Epidemiologist, a former CDC lead analyst for FluSight forecasting. Outbreak data is aggregated from verified sources including BEACON, ProMED, WHO, CDC, and 50+ national health agencies. This information is for educational purposes and should not replace professional medical advice.
Last reviewed: 2026-07-18
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