Meningococcal disease is a severe, life-threatening bacterial infection caused by *Neisseria meningitidis*. It can lead to meningitis (inflammation of the brain and spinal cord lining) or meningococcemia (a serious bloodstream infection). While it can affect anyone, infants, adolescents, and young adults are at higher risk.
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Meningococcal disease was recognized as a distinct clinical entity during epidemics in the 19th century. The causative bacterium, *Neisseria meningitidis*, was first identified by Anton Weichselbaum in 1887. Historically, it has been a significant cause of epidemics, driving the development of effective vaccines to control its spread and impact.
Meningococcal disease spreads through respiratory and throat secretions from an infected person, often through close or prolonged contact. This can occur via coughing, sneezing, kissing, or sharing items like drinks, food, or cigarettes. The bacteria do not survive long outside the human body, so casual contact does not typically lead to transmission.
Contagious Period: Varies by disease
Local health department information and state-specific prevention guidance
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For official state health alerts, vaccination locations, and public health guidance specific to Washington, visit your state health department's website.
Whether you live in Washington or are traveling there, knowing the symptoms, timeline, and when to seek care helps you act quickly if exposure occurs.
Seek care if you experience severe dehydration, bloody stools, high fever, or symptoms lasting more than 3 days. Children under 5, adults over 65, and immunocompromised individuals should seek care earlier.
Emergency symptoms: Severe dehydration, inability to keep fluids down for 12 or more hours, or neurological symptoms require emergency care.
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Trusted information from leading health organizations
Global disease surveillance and guidelines from the World Health Organization
View WHO Resources →Disease information on Virus Watcher is reviewed by our Chief Epidemiologist, a former CDC lead analyst for FluSight forecasting. Outbreak data is aggregated from verified sources including BEACON, ProMED, WHO, CDC, and 50+ national health agencies. This information is for educational purposes and should not replace professional medical advice.
Last reviewed: 2026-07-18
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