East Africa
Reviewed by Alexander Webber, Chief Epidemiologist · Updated 2026-08
Rwanda is a relatively accessible East African destination but poses meaningful health risks including malaria at lower elevations and in rural areas. Yellow fever vaccination is required for travelers arriving from endemic countries and is recommended for most visitors. The country has a well-developed health infrastructure in Kigali by regional standards, but medical care outside the capital remains limited. Travelers to Volcanoes National Park for gorilla trekking face elevated exposure to biting insects and potential wildlife-related injuries.
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Source: CDC Travelers' Health — Rwanda
Moderate to high risk in low-altitude areas and rural regions, particularly in the western and southern provinces. Kigali and high-altitude areas above 2,500 m carry lower but not zero risk. Transmission peaks during the rainy seasons (February to May and September to December). P. falciparum predominates.
Tap water is generally not recommended for drinking without treatment. Bottled or properly boiled water is preferred. Food safety standards in Kigali restaurants are improving, but travelers should still avoid raw vegetables washed in tap water, undercooked meat, and unpasteurized dairy products when outside reputable establishments.
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